Biological Exposure Indices

Acetone
Determinant Acetone in urine
Sampling Time End of shift
BEI 100 mg/l
Notation B, C
Aniline
Determinant Total p-aminophenol in urine
Sampling Time End of shift
BEI 50 mg/g creatinine
Notation C
Determinant Methemoglobin in blood
Sampling Time During or end of shift
BEI 1.5% of hemoglobin
Notation B, C , D

Arsenic and soluble compounds, including Arsine
Determinant Inorganic arsenic metabolites in urine
Sampling Time End of workweek
BEI 50 µg/g creatinine
Notation B

Benzene
Determinant Total phenol in urine
Sampling Time End of shift
BEI 50 mg/g creatinine
Notation B, C

 

Benzene in exhaled air:
Determinant Mixed exhaled
Sampling Time Prior to next shift
BEI 0.08 ppm
Notation

D
Determinant End exhaled
BEI 0.12 ppm

Cadmium
Determinant Cadmium in urine
Sampling Time Not critical
BEI 10 µg/g creatinine
Notation

B
Determinant Cadmium in blood
Sampling Time Not critical
BEI 10 µg/l
Notation B

Carbon Disulphide
Determinant

2-Thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) in urine

Sampling Time

End of shift

BEI

5 mg/g creatinine


Carbon Monoxide
Determinant Carboxyhemoglobin in blood
Sampling Time End of shift
BEI < 8 % of hemoglobin
Notation

B, C
Determinant CO in end exhaled air
Sampling Time End of shift
BEI < 40 ppm
Notation B, C

Chlorobenzene
Determinant Total 4-chlorocatechol in urine
Sampling Time End of shift
BEI 150 mg/g creatinine
Notation

C
Determinant Total p-chlorophenol in urine
Sampling Time End of shift
BEI 25 mg/g creatinine
Notation C

Chromium (VI)
Determinant Water soluble fume
Sampling Time Increase during shift
BEI 10 µg/g creatinine
Notation

B
Determinant Total chromium in urine
Sampling Time End of shift at end of workweek
BEI 30 µg/g creatinine
Notation B

N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF)
Determinant N-Methylformamide in urine
Sampling Time End of shift
BEI 40 mg/g creatinine
Notation B

2-Ethoxyethanol (EGEE)
Determinant 2-Ethoxyacetic acid in urine
Sampling Time End of shift at end of workweek
BEI 100 mg/g creatinine

2-Ethoxyethylacetate (EGEEA)
Determinant 2-Ethoxyacetic acid in urine
Sampling Time End of shift at end of workweek
BEI 100 mg/g creatinine

Ethyl Benzene
Determinant Mandelic acid in urine
Sampling Time End of shift at end of work week
BEI 1.5 g/g creatinine
Notation

A
Determinant Ethyl benzene in end exhaled air
Notation D

Fluorides
Determinant Fluorides in urine
Sampling Time Prior to shift
BEI 3 mg/g creatinine
Notation

B, C
Sampling Time End of shift
BEI 10 mg/g creatinine
Notation B, C

Furfural
Determinant Total furoic acid in urine
Sampling Time End of shift
BEI 200 mg/g creatinine
Notation B, C

n-Hexane
Determinant 2,5-Hexanedione in urine
Sampling Time End of shift
BEI 5 mg/g creatinine
Notation

C
Determinant n-Hexane in end-exhaled air
Notation D

Lead
Determinant Lead in blood
Sampling Time Not critical
BEI 50 µg/100 ml
Notation

B
Determinant Lead in urine
Sampling Time Not critical
BEI 150 µg/g creatinine
Notation

B
Determinant Zinc protoporphyrin in blood
Sampling Time After 1 month exposure
BEI 250 µg/100 ml erythrocytes or 100 µg/100ml blood
Notation B

Mercury
Determinant Total inorganic mercury in urine
Sampling Time Preshift
BEI 35 µg/g creatinine
Notation

B
Determinant Total inorganic mercury in blood
Sampling Time End of shift at end of workweek
BEI 15 µg/l
Notation B

Methanol
Determinant Methanol in urine
Sampling Time End of shift
BEI 15 mg/l
Notation

B, C
Determinant Formic acid in urine
Sampling Time Prior to last shift of workweek
BEI 80 mg/g creatinine
Notation B, C

Methemoglobin inducers
Determinant Methemeglobin in blood
Sampling Time During or end of shift
BEI 1.5% of hemoglobin
Notation B, C , D

Methyl Chloroform
Determinant Methyl chloroform in end exhaled air
Sampling Time Prior to last shift of workweek
BEI

40 ppm
Determinant Trichloroacetic acid in urine
Sampling Time End of workweek
BEI 10 mg/l
Notation

C , D
Determinant Total trichloroethanol in urine
Sampling Time End of shift at end of workweek
BEI 30 mg/l
Notation

C , D
Determinant Total trichloroethanol in blood
Sampling Time End of shift at end of workweek
BEI 1 mg/l
Notation C

Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK)
Determinant MEK in urine
Sampling Time End of shift
BEI 2 mg/l

Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK)
Determinant MIBK in urine
Sampling Time End of shift
BEI 2 mg/l

Nitrobenzene
Determinant Total p-nitrophenol in urine
Sampling Time End of shift at end of workweek
BEI 5 mg/g creatinine
Notation

C
Determinant Methemoglobin in blood
Sampling Time End of shift
BEI 1.5% of hemoglobin
Notation B, C , D

Organophosphorus Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Determinant Cholinesterase activity in red cells
Sampling Time Discretionary
BEI 70% of individual's baseline
Notation B, C , D

Parathion
Determinant Total p-nitrophenol in urine
Sampling Time End of shift
BEI 0.5 mg/g creatinine
Notation

C , D
Determinant Cholinesterase activity in red cells
Sampling Time Discretionary
BEI 70% of individuals baseline
Notation B, C , D

Pentachlorophenol
Determinant Total PCP in urine
Sampling Time Prior to the last shift of workweek
BEI 2 mg/g creatinine
Notation

B
Determinant Free PCP in plasma
Sampling Time End of shift
BEI 5 mg/l
Notation B

Perchloroethylene
Determinant Perchloroethylene in end-exhaled air
Sampling Time Prior to the last shift of workweek
BEI 10 ppm
Determinant Perchloroethylene in blood
Sampling Time Prior to the last shift of work week
BEI 1 mg/l
Determinant Trichloroacetic acid in urine
Sampling Time End of workweek
BEI 7 mg/l
Notation C , D

Phenol
Determinant Total phenol in urine
Sampling Time End of shift
BEI 250 mg/g creatinine
Notation B, C

Styrene
Determinant Mandelic acid in urine
Sampling Time End of shift
BEI 800 mg/g creatinine
Notation

C
Sampling Time Prior to next shift
BEI 300 mg/g creatinine
Notation

C
Determinant Phenolglyoxylic acid in urine
Sampling Time End of shift
BEI 240 mg/g creatinine
Notation

B, C
Sampling Time Prior to next shift
BEI 100 mg/g creatinine
Notation

B, C
Determinant Styrene in venous blood
Sampling Time End of shift
BEI 0.55 mg/l
Notation

D
Sampling Time Prior to next shift
BEI 0.02 mg/l
Notation DD

Toluene
Determinant Hippuric acid in urine
Sampling Time End of shift Last 4 hours of shift
BEI 2.5 g/g creatinine
Notation

B, C
Determinant Toluene in venous blood
Sampling Time End of shift
BEI 1 mg/l
Notation

D
Determinant o-Cresol in urine
Sampling Time End of shift
BEI 1 mg/g creatinine
Notation

C

Trichloroethylene
Determinant Trichloroacetic acid in urine
Sampling Time End of workweek
BEI 100 mg/g creatinine
Notation

C
Determinant Trichloroacetic acid and trichloroethanol in urine
Sampling Time End of shift at end of workweek
BEI 300 mg/g creatinine
Notation

C
Determinant Free trichloroethanol in blood
Sampling Time End of shift at end of workweek
BEI 4 mg/l
Notation

C
Determinant Trichloroethylene in end-exhaled air
Notation D

Xylenes
Determinant Methylhippuric acid in urine
Sampling Time End of shift Last 4 hours of shift
BEI 1.5 g/g creatinine
Notation 2 mg/min
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