Module 3: Toxicology - Section 13: Occupational Carcinogenesis |
TOX 13.13: Carcinogen Exposure Assessment |
Measurements of DNA and protein adducts have been conducted in laboratories. These are essentially sensitive and specific assays detecting minute amounts of adducts. Assay methods include nucleotide chromatography, immunoassays, flourescence spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy.
For example:
Interactive effects of chemical and viral agents, chemical and physical agents and host factors have been observed.
Table 1: Interactive Effects of Carcinogen Exposure | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Example | Associated tumour |
Chemical-chemical | tobacco smoke + alcohol | otolaryngeal, oesaphageal |
Viral-chemical | HPV + tobacco smoke | cervical |
EBV + nitrosamine | nasopharyngeal | |
HBV + aflatoxin B | liver | |
Physical-chemical | asbestos + tobacco smoke | lung |
radon + tobacco smoke | lung | |
Chemical-host | PAH + cyto P4130 CYP2D6 enzyme | lung |
tobacco smoke + P4130 CYP2D6 | lung | |
chemotherapy | leukaemia | |
Physical-host | asbestos + P4130 CYP2D6 | lung |
sunlight + xeroderma pigmentosa | skin | |
radiation + retinoblastoma deficient genotype | osteosarcoma | |
Viral-host | EBV + X-linked immunodeficiency syndrome | lymphoma |
Postgraduate Diploma in Occupational Health (DOH) - Modules 3: Occupational Medicine & Toxicology (Basic) by Profs Mohamed Jeebhay and Rodney Ehrlich, Health Sciences UCT is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.5 South Africa License. Major contributors: Mohamed Jeebhay, Rodney Ehrlich, Jonny Myers, Leslie London, Sophie Kisting, Rajen Naidoo, Saloshni Naidoo. Source available from here. For any updates to the material, or more permissions beyond the scope of this license, please email healthoer@uct.ac.za or visit www.healthedu.uct.ac.za.
Last updated Jan 2007.
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