This course covers basic elements of crisis communications in Africa and procedures for creating crisis communications plans and for reacting to crises when they occur. The course helps students to master skills and acquire knowledge on how best to develop various communication plans for different critical audiences. It equips students with the most effective strategies for communicating their organizations’ messages during a crisis. The course examines various types of media risk and vulnerability for natural and technological hazards, terrorist threats, health and medical issues, as well as environmental hazards and security concerns.